NDT training as per ASNT Practice SNT-TC-1A
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Courses.
NDT Courses (Non Destructive Testing)
The field of Non-destructive Testing (NDT) is a very broad, interdisciplinary field that plays a vital role in assuring that structural components and systems perform their functions in a reliable and cost effective fashion. NDT technicians and engineers define and implement tests that locate and characterize material conditions and flaws that might otherwise cause planes to crash, reactors to fail, trains to derail, pipelines to burst, and a variety of less visible, but equally troubling events. These tests are performed in a way that does not affect the future utility of the object or material. In other words, NDT allows parts and materials to be inspected and measured without damaging them. It allows inspection without interfering with a product’s final use. NDT offers an excellent balance between quality control and cost-effectiveness. NDT applies to industrial inspections in general. While technologies used in NDT are similar to those that are used in the medical industry, the subjects of the inspections are typically non-living objects.
Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)
In the Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) Test, objects are coated with visible or fluorescent dye solution. Afterwards, the excess dye is removed from the surface, and a developer is applied. The developer acts as blotter, drawing trapped penetrant out of imperfections to open to the surface.
With visible dyes, vivid colour contrasts between the penetrant and developer make the “bleed-out” easy to see. Ultraviolet light, together with fluorescent dyes, is used to make the bleed-out fluoresce appear brightly, thus allowing imperfections to be readily seen.
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
The Magnetic Particle NDE method is accomplished by inducing a magnetic field in a ferromagnetic material and then dusting the surface with iron particles (either dry or suspended in liquid).
Surface and near-surface imperfections distort the magnetic field and concentrate iron particles near imperfections, previewing a visual indication of the flaw.
Radiography Testing (RT)
Radiography NDT method involves the use of penetrating gamma or X-radiation to examine parts and products for imperfections. An X-ray generator or radioactive isotope is used as a source of radiation. Radiation is directed through a part and onto film or other imaging media. The resulting shadowgraph displays the dimensional features of the part. Possible imperfections are indicated by the density changes on the film as it similarly can be seen in a medical X-ray of broken bones.
Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
Radiography NDT method involves the use of penetrating gamma or X-radiation to examine parts and products for imperfections. An X-ray generator or radioactive isotope is used as a source of radiation. Radiation is directed through a part and onto film or other imaging media. The resulting shadowgraph displays the dimensional features of the part. Possible imperfections are indicated by the density changes on the film as it similarly can be seen in a medical X-ray of broken bones.
Visual and Optical Testing (VT)
Visual inspection NDT method involves using an inspector’s eyes to look for defects. The inspector may also use special tools such as magnifying glasses, mirrors, or bore-scopes to gain access to inspect the subject area more closely. Visual examiners follow procedures that range from simple to very complex level.
Electromagnetic Testing (ET)
Eddy current testing NDT method is a non-destructive testing method that is based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic simply means the dual combination use of electricity and magnetism. Flow of electricity, under certain circumstances, can cause magnetism. Magnetism, under certain circumstances, causes the flow of electricity. When an alternating current (AC) is passed through coil, a changing magnetic field is generated. As the coil is placed near a conductive test object, the magnetic field induces eddy current.
Radiographic Film Interpretation (RI)
Fundamentals of Radiographic Interpretation, Viewing in Radiographic Testing, Densitometers, Radiographic Interpretation Reporting, Radiographic Artifacts, Discontinuity Indications, Radiographic Testing Introduction, Radiographic Testing Principles, Equipment, and Specialized Radiographic Applications. X-radiation and gamma radiation principles, film and screen types, film exposure and processing are also discussed. The course ends with a written (general theory and specific) and practical test.
Ultrasonic Thickness Gauging (UTG)
Ultrasonic NDT method use transmission of high-frequency sound waves into a material to detect imperfections or to locate changes in material properties. The most commonly used ultrasonic testing technique is pulse echo, wherein sound is introduced into a test object and reflections (echoes) are returned to a receiver from internal imperfections or from the part’s geometrical surfaces .
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)
The phased array course provides the knowledge required to operate Omni Scan equipment and perform manual & encoded phased array testing on butt welds in Plates, Pipes and Pressure Vessels. The course covers theoretical and practical aspects on phased array application, its advantages and limitations. The course also covers the requirements for application of phased array as per code requirements (ASME code case 2235, B31.3 code case 181 etc).
To impart adequate understanding for onsite application our training is done using all necessary accessories such as calibration blocks, validation samples, encoder, scanners for different size applications etc. For this course we strongly recommend participants possess hands on experience in UT weld examination as Level II or Level III qualification. At the end of course, examination shall be conducted in General, Specific and Practical and qualify to PAUT Level II based on employer’s written practice (if requested we could provide assistance incorporating the requirements of PAUT qualification in employer’s written practice. The training shall be conducted by experienced PAUT practitioners and academic professionals who have been working in the application of PAUT
Time of Flight Diffraction (ToFD)
The Time of flight Diffraction course provides the knowledge required to operate Omni scan equipment and perform manual & encoded TOFD testing on butt welds in Plates, Pipes and Pressure Vessels. The course covers theoretical and practical aspects on TOFD application, its advantages and limitations. The course also covers the requirements for application of TOFD as per code requirements (ASME code case 2235, B31.3 code case 181 etc).
To impart adequate understanding for onsite application, our training is done using all necessary accessories such as calibration blocks, validation samples, encoder, scanners for different applications etc. For this course we strongly recommend participants possess hands on experience in UT weld examination as Level II or Level III qualification. At the end of course, examination shall be conducted in General, Specific and Practical an qualify to TOFD Level II based on employer’s written practice. (if requested we could provide assistance to employers in incorporating the requirements of TOFD qualification in employers written practice. The training shall be conducted by experienced TOFD practitioners and academic professionals who have been working in the application of TOFD.
Data Interpretation of PAUT & ToFD
Phased array technology enables the generation of an ultrasonic beam where parameters such as angle, focal distance, and focal point size are controlled through software. Furthermore, this beam can be multiplexed over a large array. Maximizes detection regardless of the defect orientation, while optimizing signal-to-noise ratio Tomo view software enables to interpret data in more feasible manner. A,B,C,S scan in the analysis software create a wide view to investigate a particular defect and determine the length, depth, width and nature of the defect Data interpretation widely used by the inspector as well as the management level to view,analyse and crosscheck whenever necessary.
The deflection of a wave front as it passes an ultrasonically opaque object and expands into the region that is behind the object and hence not directly exposed to the incoming waves. When ultrasound is incident at linear discontinuity such as a crack, diffraction takes place at its extremities. The Displays such as A and D scan in TOMO VIEW software with the cursors enable to measure the height, depth and length of the defect. TOFD particularly used in ECA where height is more important, analysis tool provide accurate information ofthedefectdetails.
TOFD DATA interpretation with TOMO VIEW is more useful and provides accurate results